Since the beginning, microscopists in their investigations and endeavours have been bound by the limitations of their instruments. These limitations are further complicated by the requirements of the specimens studied [ + ]

Silicon chip pH sensors overcome breakage, maintenance and storage problems. Since the early 1930s when the first pH meter was invented, the core technology for quantitative pH measurement has, until recently, remained fundamentally unchanged [ + ]

Laboratory scientists have for many years used infrared (Infrared Spectrometers Near, Mid and Far) to quantitatively and qualitatively analyse solid, liquid and gaseous samples [ + ]

The microscopic remains of an Antarctic forest more than 30 million years old is providing important information about global climate operations. [ + ]