Diagnostic test for Parkinson's nothing to be sniffed at

Researchers from The University of Manchester are developing what they hope will be the first definitive diagnostic test for Parkinson’s disease — a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive brain cell death and extensive loss of motor function. Published in the journal ACS Central Science, their research came about thanks to Joy Milne, who has the ability to detect Parkinson’s through smell.

Scientists already know that Parkinson’s can cause excessive production of sebum — a natural waxy, lipid-based bio fluid that moisturises and protects the skin. Milne, an Honorary Lecturer at The University of Manchester, noticed that people with Parkinson’s had a distinct and different smell, which changed intensity as the condition progressed. She first noticed this smell in her husband Les, many years before he was clinically diagnosed with Parkinson’s.

Researchers at the university’s Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) used mass spectrometry to identify the molecular compounds that give the condition its unique odour. To figure out what makes this smell at a molecular level, the team analysed the volatile components from the sebum found on people who have been diagnosed with Parkinson’s. The odour of these components was double-checked by Milne.

Joy Milne (left) with Professor Perdita Barran, Professor of Mass Spectrometry in MIB.

The researchers collected sebum samples using gauze to swab the upper backs of more than 60 subjects, both with and without Parkinson’s. They then analysed the sample data and found the presence of hippuric acid, eicosane and octadecanal, which indicates the altered levels of neurotransmitters found in Parkinson’s patients, along with several other biomarkers for the condition.

By considering the levels of these molecules found in the test samples, the team has generated a model that can now identify and diagnose Parkinson’s at all stages of the condition. The study thus opens the door to the development of a non-invasive screening test for Parkinson’s, potentially leading to earlier detection as well as monitoring the effect of therapy in current patients.

Top image credit: ©stock.adobe.com/au/olly

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